![]() ![]() Many literary writers on the subject believe that the term "pool" rather than "billiard" when referring to the table game is in large part an American slang word closely related to horse racing in America. The minimum bet on the Tote System is 1 US Dollar but the system can take bets of any higher amount that the punter may wish to make. Daily betting is available at the Racecourse for both football and horse racing through Phumelela Gaming and Leisure, the largest provider of betting in South Africa, allowing all bettors at different locations to access the same betting pool. I witnessed this first hand on a Sunday at the very proper (large hats, white suits and tea) Ngong Racecourse in Nairobi, Kenya in 1979.īetting at Ngong Racecourse was done through a totalizator pool betting system. You could move from one post to another until you found the odds you wanted. This betting was done at posts around the grounds where individuals would set odds for the horses and collect bets. Nineteenth century horse racing in Europe included an auction process of "pooling" bets of the many people wagering in the outcome of a horse race. The word pool comes from the French word "Poule" meaning a collective stake. Did you ever wonder where that name "pool" came from in today's extremely popular final four basketball tournament? When it comes to the final four basketball tournament in the United States everyone picks the winning order of the teams playing and wager in what is called an "office pool". The only reference to pool in European billiards is the game of "Life Pool" where spectators as well as the players could pool their money and bet on the outcome of a specific game of billiards. European literary works that look back at the history of the game always refer to the many different table games as billiards. Most agree that the game of billiards evolved from a lawn game played in the heat of the summer to a table game that could be played during inclement winter weather in Europe. The consensus is that the word billiards is derived from the French word "Bille" which means ball and/or from "Bilart" meaning a stick. Clarke (his last recordings), Florence Easton, the harmonica player Henri Lacroix, Charles Marchand, the baritone Frank Oldfield, and Irene Pavloska.The confusion between the terms billiards and pool go back early in time and were made even more confusing by companies like the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company at the turn of the twentieth century. Among individuals who recorded for Brunswick were Louis Chartier, Herbert L. Fricker (recorded at the TCM with portable equipment brought in from Chicago), Jack Denny and his Mount Royal Hotel (Montreal) Orchestra, Lloyd Huntley and His Orchestra (in the USA), Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians (in the USA), and the Ukrainian National Chorus of Winnipeg. Subsequently many of Brunswick's popular artists were lured away to the newly formed Decca company in New York, and Brunswick was reduced simply to a name which passed through the hands of several major US record companies and survived into the LP era.Ĭanadian musical organizations which recorded for Brunswick in the 1920s and 1930s include the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir under H.A. With the 1932 takeover of the Brunswick operation by the American Record Company an agreement was signed with the Compo Co to manufacture and sell the Brunswick and Melotone lines in Canada. In 1926 Brunswick interchanged its masters with Polyphonwerke and Deutsche Grammophon. After Victor and Columbia signed a production agreement for electrically-recorded discs with Western Electric in 1925, Brunswick - with the co-operation of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), General Electric, and Westinghouse - met the competition by being the first to introduce an all-electric phonograph (known as the Panatrope) and to release discs made by the complicated light-ray system (which later was abandoned). ![]() In 1924, (US) Brunswick took over the Aeolian-Vocalion label of the (US) Aeolian Piano Co. Brunswick's own records initially were of the vertical-cut type, but soon were replaced by the lateral-cut variety. Brunswick phonographs featured the Ultona tone-arm designed for vertical-cut discs, Edison diamond discs, and the now customary lateral-cut recordings. The company originally manufactured bowling and billiard equipment and after 1934, when it left the record business, it returned exclusively to billiards. Trade name of phonographs and records, the former introduced to Canada in 1917, the latter in 1920, by Brunswick-Balke-Collender of Canada, Ltd, a Toronto-based subsidiary of the US firm of the same name. ![]()
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